BEIJING — Strikes by thousands of teachers frustrated by low salaries and mandatory payments to pension plans have spread across cities in northeast China, state news media reported on Monday.
北京——中国的国有媒体周一报道称，成千上万的教师因对低工资和强制缴纳养老保险不满而举行罢工，已扩大到中国东北的多个城市。The strikes began last week and now encompass a half-dozen cities or counties surrounding the city of Harbin, the capital of Heilongjiang Province, an area of the country where economic growth has long been relatively slow. Classes in some primary and high schools have been suspended, the reports said.
罢工从上周开始，现已扩大到黑龙江省会哈尔滨附近的多个县市，这里是国内经济增长相对缓慢的地区。报道称，一些小学和中学已经停课。
Teachers are asking for raises and for the government to end a requirement that teachers make payments to a pension plan as part of an experimental policy. China National Radio reported that one teacher was making less than $400 a month after working for 25 years. A report by Global Times, a state-run newspaper, said teachers in Yilan County held up a banner that said: “We are 4,000 Yilan teachers. Return my withheld money!”
教师要求增加工资，并要求政府停止从工资中扣除养老保险，那是一个实验性政策的一部分。中国国家广播电台报道说，一位有25年教龄的老师每月的净收入仅2500元。在国有报纸《环球时报》的一篇报道中，依兰县的教师举着一个横幅，上面写着：“依兰4000教师维权。返还克扣工薪！”
A one-minute video posted on the video hosting site Youku said that Monday was the sixth day of protests by teachers in Yilan and showed a group of banner-waving people gathered in the snow in front of the county government offices. “Give me back my salary, give me back my dignity,” the people shouted in unison. In China, teaching has long been a profession with relatively low pay. Teachers from Yilan have posted an open letter online that says veteran educators who have worked two decades make just over $320 per month and new teachers make $160 — “even more pathetic,” according to the letter.
视频网站优酷上发布的一个一分钟视频称，依兰县教师的抗议活动在周一已进入第六天，视频显示了一群人拉着横幅在雪中聚集在县政府办公大楼前。人们齐声高喊，“还我工资，还我尊严。”在中国，教师一直是工资相对较低的职业。依兰县教师在网上发布的一封公开信中称，有二十年教龄的老教师每月工资才2000多元，新教师的工资“更可怜”，还不到1000元。The authors acknowledged the hardships on students caused by the strike. They wrote, “It hurts us that kids are affected because of this. We’re profoundly sorry. Whatever we owe the kids, we’ll make up for in the future by being available all the time.”
公开信的作者承认停课给学生带来困难。他们写道，“孩子们因此受影响，我们很伤心。我们十分抱歉。我们欠孩子们的，将通过把未来所有的时间提供给他们来弥补。”In recent years, there have been more reports in China of strikes by people in a wide range of low-paid occupations. The labor pool of younger workers is getting smaller. Because of cheap smartphones, workers are able to share information across distances about wages, labor conditions and acts of protest. A wave of strikes in 2010 at factories in southern China brought these issues to the fore. Furthermore, the growth rate of the Chinese economy as a whole has been slowing, and salary increases for lower- and middle-class workers have lagged behind inflation in many regions.
近年来，有较多关于中国的一系列低工资职业的人罢工的报道。年轻工人的劳动力资源正日益减少。由于便宜智能手机的普及，工人能够跨地区共享有关工资、劳动条件和抗议活动的信息。2010年中国南方工厂的罢工潮突出地反映了这些问题。此外，中国经济的总体增长速度已经放缓，而许多地区中低层收入者的工资增长落后于通货膨胀。The grievances over the teachers’ pension plan have arisen because of a pilot project undertaken by Heilongjiang Province and supported by the central government. The project, which began in 2004, is aimed at having government workers, including teachers, contribute part of their salaries to a centralized provincial pension payment plan for all citizens. Previously, government workers were exempt from making payments.
教师对养老保险的不满，针对的是得到中央政府支持的一个黑龙江省的试点项目。该项目始于2004年，目的是让政府工作人员、包括教师在内，缴纳自己工资的一部分，作为省政府为所有公民支付退休金的集中基金。在这个项目出台之前，政府工作人员免付养老保险。An open letter circulating online said teachers should not be forced to contribute to the pension plan. The authors of the letter, teachers in the city of Shuangcheng, west of Harbin, said teachers in Heilongjiang should be required to make the payments only if such a policy is enacted across the nation. A report in Beijing Times said that the irate teachers in Shuangcheng were from elementary and junior high schools and had begun protesting with banners in front of the government offices on Nov. 24.
一封在网上流传的公开信称，教师不应该被强迫支付养老保险。这封信的作者是哈尔滨西部双城市的教师，他们说只有在全国范围实施这种政策的情况下，黑龙江省的教师才需支付养老保险。《京华时报》的报道称，双城市的愤怒教师来自小学和初中，他们于11月24日开始在政府办公楼前打着横幅抗议。A person answering the telephone at the education bureau of Shuangcheng declined to discuss the matter. A person answering the phone at the local propaganda bureau said officials in charge were not available to answer questions. People answering the telephones at four rural schools and four urban schools in the Shuangcheng area said the schools were operating normally.
一位在双城教育局接听电话的人拒绝讨论此事。一位在当地宣传局接听电话的人表示，有关负责人不在，没人能回答问题。在双城市的4个乡区学校和4个市区学校接听电话的人说，学校在正常运转。The wider protests throughout Heilongjiang began after teachers in the city of Zhaodong, in the same province, took to the streets in mid-November to demand higher salaries. The local government approved an average monthly salary increase of $125 and promised to investigate working conditions, state news media and Global Times reported. The teachers then went back to work.
在黑龙江省肇东县教师于11月中旬走上街头、要求提高工资后，全省爆发了更大范围的抗议活动。国家新闻媒体和《环球时报》报道称，肇东县政府批准了给教师每月平均加薪800元，并承诺对他们的工作条件进行调查。这之后，教师重返工作岗位。Last year, researchers at Peking University released survey results that showed the average annual income for a Chinese family in 2012 was about $2,100. That amount varied widely by region. The average family in Shanghai, on the east coast, made $4,700, while the average in Gansu Province, a mostly rural area in the northwest, was just over $2,000.
去年，北京大学的研究人员公布了一个调查项目的结果，显示2012年中国人均家庭纯收入的平均值约为13000元。不同地区的家庭收入有很大的差别。在东部城市上海，人均家庭收入为29000元，而在地处西北，农村为主的甘肃省，人均家庭收入不到12000元。Strikes by teachers have taken place recently in other parts of China. Teachers at one junior high school in Guangdong Province protested in late October when the government began paying them about $260 a month after having promised a monthly salary of $800, according to a report on the website of People’s Daily, the main Communist Party newspaper. A similar walkout occurred in March at a kindergarten in Guangzhou, the capital of Guangdong.
中国其他地区最近也发生过教师罢工。据共产党的主要报纸《人民日报》的网站报道，广东省一个地方政府曾向当地一所初中的教师承诺每月5000元的工资，但只发给了他们1600元，之后教师向政府提出抗议。三月份在广东省省会广州的一所幼儿园也发生过类似的罢工。In early September, teachers at a high school in the city of Xiaogan, in Hubei Province, went on strike over what they called the government’s refusal to give them the proper status in the public employment system. The status helps determine details of their pension plans.
九月初，湖北省孝感市一所高中的教师罢课，他们对政府不给他们所谓的正式编制不满。正式编制让员工能享有养老金待遇。